Pneumonia, is when the lungs fill with fuild, and in turn prevent oxygen from reaching the bloodstream. This is a medical condition that can have result from severl diseases where the tiny, air-filled saces in the lung, which are responsible for absorbing oxygen from the air, are filled with fluid. Many different types of pneumonia exist. The most commony types are results of a bacterial infection of the lung. Several other things can cause pneumonia, such as viruses, fungi, and parasites. Another type of pneumonia occurs as a result of chemical or physical irritation to the lungs. A common sickness, pneumonia, occurs basically evenly among all age groups. Caused by infection in most cases, pneumonia, will often cause difficulty breathing, coughs, fevers, and chest pains. Antibiotic Medication is normally used to treat pneumonia when it has been caused by an infection. Victims of pneumonia will often have a cough that produces green/yellow sputum. This is one of the leading symptoms of pneumonia as well as a high fever followed by shaking chills. Pneumonia is usually diagnosed by health care providers observations on a patient’s symptoms and discoveries from various physical examinations. Pneumonia diagnoses can be difficult for some people. This is especially true for those who have other illnesses at the time of examination. Often times physical examination by a health provider may reveal low amount of oxygen in the blood, low blood pressure, an increased respiratory rate, low body temperature, a fast heart rate, or a fever.

Stuttering, scientifically known as stammering is a speech disorder in which the normal flow of speech is frequently disrupted by repetitions of sounds, syllables, words or phrases, pauses and prolongations that differ both in frequency and severity from those of a normally fluent speaker. The term stuttering is most often associated with involuntary sound repetition. An example of involuntary sound repetition, would be: – Trying to say the word «ken», but instead saying «k-k-ken» Often times these individuals will put words together. An example would be: – «Llllllets g-g-go home» Not only is stuttering involuntary sound repetition it also contains the unnormal hesitation or pausing before speech. This pause or hesitation is commonly called a «block». Alot of the variables that make up ‘true’ stuttering cannot be heard or seen by a listener. The things that cannot be observed include: – word and sound and situational fears – shame – anxiety – tension – «loss of control» feeling during speech Often times the most difficult aspect of the stutter or stammering disorder is the emotional state of the individual. The dissorder affects about 1.5% of the world’s adult population, and approximately 5% of children. A greater rate of stuttering has been observed in Africanand West Indies adults. These rates can be as high as 10%. Men around the globe make up about eighty percent of all stutterers. Part of this huge difference between male and females is attributed to the fact that women are so much more likely to outgrow or recover from the disorder. Presently there is no known cause for the disorder. There are several theories for the disorder; they can be divided into 3 categories. There is no known cause for stuttering. Theories about the causes of stuttering can be ided into three categories: ‘The «Monster» study’, ‘Genetics’, and ‘Childhood development’. Fast Facts: – Stuttering usually begins in early childhood, when a child is first developing his or her speech and language skills – The majority of stutters develop between the ages of two and five – Stutters can developed later in life, however are usually through a stroke or other type of brain trauma – 50% to 70% of all stutterers are related to another stutterer – Most children go through a stage of disfluency in early speech

The term «Anxiety disorder» has become a jacket term, covering many unique forms of abnormal anxiety, fears, phobias and nervous conditions. All of these conditions come on suddenly and prevent an individual from continuining daily routines. Of the several different types of anxiety disorder these are the most popular: – Claustrophobia – Social anxiety – Specific phobias – Obsessive-compulsive disorder – General anxiety disorder – Post-traumatic stress disorder – Agoraphobia – Panic disorder – Separation anxiety disorder Usually all of these disorders or conditions are chronix, and lifestyle restricting. Alot of times individuals will be born with their condition, but it is also known that they can begin suddenly after a triggering event. Stress is a known factor which will increase in their persistence. There are several drugs available on the market that treat these disorders. They are drugs like benzodiazepines and antidepressants. A good counselor or behavioural therapist is often able to treat the disorders through use of cognitive therapies. It is important to know that anxiety is a complicated combination of the feeling of fear and worry. It can occur as a primary brain disorder, but is often times associated with other medical problems. Anxiety is most of the time said to have a cognitive, an emotial, a somatic and a behavioral component. All of these components make up the whole, which is Anxiety. In it’s chronic state Social Anxiety Disorder can be disabling, and prevent individuals from completing daily tasks, although with the help of drugs and therapies many of these individuals can battle the disorder and continue on with their lives.

Tourette syndrome, aka Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, is a neurological or neurochemical disorder that can be characterized by tics. Tics are involuntary, rapid, sudden movements or vocalizations that occur repeatedly in the same way. Symptoms to Tourette’s include multiple motor and often times several vocal tics present at some time during the disorder. These various tics are not nessecarry to occur simultaneously. The occurrence of tics throughout the day usually occur is spasms. These spasms occur nearly every day or intermittently throughout a span of more than one year. The syndrome will change in the quantity, frequency, type and location of the affecting tics.Vocal ticscan be subdivided into various categories, including: – Repetition of words after reading them – Spontaneous utterance of socially questionable words (Usually Racial and ethnic) – Repetition of one’s own previously spoken words – Repetition of words spoken by someone else after being heard by the person with the disorder Besides the vocal tics mentioned above, there are many other categories which don’t always involved word repetition. Tourette Syndrome vocal tics don’t even have to be words, they can be represented by almost any possible short vocal sound. The most common of these types of tics are sounds produced that resemble throat clearing, short coughs, grunts, or moans.Motor ticscan be a numberless variety of actions which can include: – Contorted facial grimacing. – Knuckles banging together – Itching – hand-clapping – Scratching Tourettes Syndrome is indicated when a person exhibits both multiple motor and one or more vocal tics over the period of 1 year, with no more than three months of consecutive living tic-free. These Tic disturbances can easily impair and or distress the individual from functioning normally. The diagnosis cannot be involved with substance abuse or another medical condition, and must be before the age of 18.